1. Article purpose[edit | edit source]
The purpose of this article is to explain how to configure the DFSDM internal peripheral when the peripheral is assigned to Linux® OS, and in particular:
- How to configure the DFSDM peripheral to enable filters and associated channels
- How to configure the board, e.g. serial interface input/output pins
The configuration is performed using the device tree mechanism.
It is used by the DFSDM Linux driver which registers the relevant information in IIO and ALSA frameworks.
If the peripheral is assigned to another execution context, refer to How to assign an internal peripheral to an execution context article for guidelines on peripheral assignment and configuration.
2. DT bindings documentation[edit | edit source]
The DFSDM maybe used as various functions: ADC and DMIC (for audio).
Each one is represented by a separate compatible string, documented in STM32 DFSDM device tree bindings[1].
Each channel is described by a dedicated DT sub node, filled in with properties documented in Generic IIO bindings for ADC channels[2].
The external analog backend (e.g. sigma-delta modulator) is documented in Device-Tree bindings for sigma delta modulator[3]
3. DT configuration[edit | edit source]
This hardware description is a combination of STM32 microprocessor and board device tree files. See Device tree for more explanations on device tree file split.
The STM32CubeMX can be used to generate the board device tree. Refer to How to configure the DT using STM32CubeMX for more details.
3.1. DT configuration (STM32 level)[edit | edit source]
DFSDM nodes are declared in stm32mp151.dtsi[4] for STM32MP15x lines 
, and stm32mp131.dtsi[5] for STM32MP13x lines .
- DT root node ('dfsdm') describes the ADC hardware block parameters such as registers area, clocks.
- DT child nodes ('dfsdm0', 'dfsdm1', ...) describe each filter independently: compatible string, interrupts, DMAs.
dfsdm: dfsdm@4400d000 {
compatible = "st,stm32mp1-dfsdm";
... /* common resources in 'dfsdm' root node. */
dfsdm0: filter@0 {
compatible = "st,stm32-dfsdm-adc"; /* can either be st,stm32-dfsdm-(adc or dmic) */
... /* private resources in 'dfsdm0' child node. */
}
dfsdm1: filter@1 {
...
}
3.2. DT configuration (board level)[edit | edit source]
Follow the sequences described in the below chapters to configure and enable the DFSDM on your board.
3.2.1. Common resources for all DFSDM filters[edit | edit source]
Configure the 'dfsdm' DT root node:
- Enable the DT root node for the DFSDM, by setting status = "okay".
- Configure the pins in use via pinctrl, by setting pinctrl-0, pinctrl-1 and pinctrl-names.
- Configure the SPI clock output frequency, by setting spi-max-frequency (optional: only for SPI master mode).
- Configure the audio clock to be used, by setting clocks and clock-names (optional: to use more accurate clock for audio).
&dfsdm {
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
pinctrl-0 = <&dfsdm_clkout_pins_a &dfsdm_data1_pins_a>; /* default pins */
pinctrl-1 = <&dfsdm_clkout_sleep_pins_a &dfsdm_data1_sleep_pins_a>; /* sleep pins for low-power mode */
spi-max-frequency = <2048000>; /* desired maximum clock rate */
clocks = <&rcc DFSDM_K>, <&rcc ADFSDM_K>;
clock-names = "dfsdm", "audio";
status = "okay";
};
3.2.2. Private resources for each DFSDM filter[edit | edit source]
3.2.2.1. Filter(s) DT child node(s) for DFSDM ADC[edit | edit source]
dfsdm0: filter@0 {
st,filter-order = <3>; /* Configure filter order */
st,filter0-sync; /* Optional: if set, synchronize filter with filter 0. (Property not relevant for filter0) */
st,hpf-filter-cutoff-bp = <625>; /* Optional: configure high pass filter cut-off frequency */
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
status = "okay"; /* Enable filter node */
channel@0 {
reg = <0>; /* Specify channel index */
label = "channel0"; /* Optional: give a name to the channel */
st,adc-channel-type = "SPI_R"; /* Configure channel protocol (e.g. SPI or Manchester) */
st,adc-channel-clk-src = "CLKOUT"; /* Configure channel clock source (e.g. external or internal clock) */
st,adc-alt-channel; /* Optional: if set, the channel is connected to SPI next input (i.e. input 1 for channel 0) */
io-backends = <&sd_adc0>; /* Optional: connect channel to an IIO backend (e.g. a Sigma Delta modulator) */
};
channel@1 {
... /* Optional channel 1 for analog scan mode use cases only */
};
channel@2 {
... /* Optional channel 2 for analog scan mode use cases only */
};
...
};
The DFSDM ADC device is usually connected to a Sigma Delta modulator, which is described as an IIO backend node in the Device Tree. (see the generic sd-modulator[3] example here after).
 Information
|
Add io-backends = <&sd_modulator> in the DFSDM filter node, to configure it as a consumer of the SD modulator, for ecosystem release ≥ v6.0.0 
The io-channels binding has been deprecated in the ecosystem release ≥ v6.0.0 |
3.2.2.2. Filter(s) DT child node(s) for DFSDM audio[edit | edit source]
dfsdm0: filter@0 {
compatible = "st,stm32-dfsdm-dmic"; /* Override the compatible string for audio use cases (e.g. dmic record) */
st,filter-order = <3>; /* Configure filter order */
st,filter0-sync; /* Optional: {{Highlight|if set, synchronize filter with filter 0. (Property not relevant for filter0)}} */
st,hpf-filter-cutoff-bp = <625>; /* Optional: configure high pass filter cut-off frequency */
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
status = "okay"; /* Enable filter node */
channel@0 {
reg = <0>; /* Specify channel index */
label = "channel0"; /* Optional: give a name to the channel */
st,adc-channel-type = "SPI_R"; /* Configure channel protocol (e.g. SPI or Manchester) */
st,adc-channel-clk-src = "CLKOUT"; /* Configure channel clock source (e.g. external or internal clock) */
st,adc-alt-channel; /* Optional: {{Highlight|if set, the channel is connected to SPI next input (i.e. input 1 for channel 0)}} */
};
asoc_pdm0: mdf-dai {
compatible = "st,stm32h7-dfsdm-dai"; /* DFSDM Digital Audio Interface (DAI) compatible */
io-channels = <&filter0 0>; /* Connect the DFSDM DAI to filter0 channel0 */
status = "okay"; /* Enable the DFSDM DAI node */
dfsdm0_port0: port {
...; /* Connect to an audio device node. (e.g. a digital microphone) */
};
};
};
Examples of DFSDM configuration for audio can be found in soundcard configuration article.
3.3. DT configuration examples[edit | edit source]
3.3.1. DFSDM ADC DT configuration example[edit | edit source]
The example below shows how to configure the DFSDM ADC channel 1, assigned to DFSDM filter 0:
- Add sd-modulator[3] in the board dts file.
sd_adc1: adc-1 {
compatible = "sd-modulator";
#io-backend-cells = <0>;
vref-supply = <&v3v3>;
};
- Configure and enable DFSDM, configure channel 1 to use SPI (rising edge), associate it to filter0.
&dfsdm {
/* Also configure common resources for all DFSDM filters */
dfsdm0: filter@0 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
st,filter-order = <1>;
status = "okay";
channel@1 {
reg = <1>; /* Assign channel 1 to this filter */
label = "in1"; /* Give it a name */
st,adc-channel-type = "SPI_R"; /* SPI data on rising edge */
st,adc-channel-clk-src = "CLKOUT_F"; /* Internal clock source used for conversion */
io-backends = <&sd_adc1>; /* phandle to the external sd-modulator */
};
};
};
3.3.2. DFSDM audio DT configuration example[edit | edit source]
In this example two microphones are multiplexed on the same DFSDM input line. One microphone is sampled on the SPI clock rising edges, and the other on the SPI clock falling edges. By convention the rising edge corresponds to the left channel and the falling edge to the right channel. The st,adc-channel-type property allows to select either the left or the right channel on the input data line.
A channel y is connected to both the input lines DATAy and DATAy+1. For each channel, an input selector allows to select either the data from DATAy or DATAy+1 input line. The st,adc-alt-channel DT property is used to configure this channel input selector. Refer to the DFSDM "Serial channel transceivers" chapter of the STM32MP15 reference manuals for more details on the channel input selection.
- st,adc-alt-channel is not set: the channel x is fed by the input line DATAx
- st,adc-alt-channel is set: the channel y is fed by the input line DATAy+1. If y=x-1, the channel x-1 is fed by the input line DATAx
The following device tree sample is an extraction of the STM32MP15 evaluation board device tree, highlighting the channels configuration for multiplexed data on input line. In this example the input line DATA1 provides the left audio samples to the channel 1 and the right audio samples to the channel 0.
&dfsdm {
/* Also configure common resources for all DFSDM filters */
dfsdm1: filter@1 {
channel@0 {
reg = <0>; /* Use channel 0 fed by mic U2 signal wired to input 1 */
st,adc-alt-channel; /* Connect channel 0 to next input (input 1) */
st,adc-channel-type = "SPI_F"; /* mic U2 signal available on input 1 Falling edge (Right channel) */
};
};
dfsdm3: filter@3 {
channel@1 {
reg = <1>; /* Use channel 1 fed by mic U4 signal wired to input 1 */
/* Property st,adc-alt-channel not set. Use channel 0 fed by mic U2 signal wired to input 1 */
st,adc-channel-type = "SPI_R"; /* mic U2 signal available on input 1 Falling edge (Right channel) */
};
};
};
Refer to STM32MP15 evaluation board device tree for the full DFSDM audio device tree configuration example.
4. How to configure the DT using STM32CubeMX[edit | edit source]
The STM32CubeMX tool can be used to configure the STM32MPU device and get the corresponding platform configuration device tree files.
The STM32CubeMX may not support all the properties described in the above DT bindings documentation paragraph. If so, the tool inserts user sections in the generated device tree. These sections can then be edited to add some properties and they are preserved from one generation to another. Refer to STM32CubeMX user manual for further information.
5. References[edit | edit source]
Please refer to the following links for additional information:
- ↑ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/st,stm32-dfsdm-adc.yaml , STM32 DFSDM device tree bindings
- ↑ Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/adc.yaml , Generic IIO bindings for ADC channels
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/iio/adc/sigma-delta-modulator.yaml , Generic Device-Tree bindings for sigma delta modulator
- ↑ arch/arm/boot/dts/st/stm32mp151.dtsi , STM32MP151 device tree file
- ↑ arch/arm/boot/dts/st/stm32mp131.dtsi , STM32MP131 device tree file