1. Article purpose[edit source]
This article introduces the Linux® driver for the ADC[1] internal peripheral:
- Which ADC features are supported by the driver
- How to configure, use and debug the driver
- What is the driver structure, and where the source code can be found.
2. Short description[edit source]
The ADC Linux® driver (kernel space) is based on the IIO framework. It supports two modes:
- IIO direct mode: single capture on a channel (using interrupts)
- IIO triggered buffer mode: capture on one or more channels (preferably using DMA).
It uses the hardware triggers available in IIO. See TIM Linux driver and LPTIM Linux driver.
3. Configuration[edit source]
3.1. Kernel configuration[edit source]
Activate the ADC[1] Linux® driver in the kernel configuration using the Linux Menuconfig tool: Menuconfig or how to configure kernel (enable both CONFIG_STM32_ADC_CORE and CONFIG_STM32_ADC).
Device Drivers --->
<*> Industrial I/O support --->
Analog to digital converters --->
<*> STMicroelectronics STM32 adc core
<*> STMicroelectronics STM32 adc
3.2. Device tree[edit source]
Refer to the ADC device tree configuration article when configuring the ADC Linux kernel driver.
4. How to use[edit source]
In "IIO direct mode", the conversion result can be read directly from sysfs (refer to How to do a simple ADC conversion using the sysfs interface).
In "IIO triggered buffer mode", the configuration must be performed using sysfs first. Then, character device (/dev/iio:deviceX) is used to read data (refer to Convert one or more channels using triggered buffer mode).
5. How to trace and debug[edit source]
Refer to How to trace with dynamic debug for how to enable the debug logs in the driver and in the framework.
Refer to How to debug with debugfs for how to access the ADC registers.
The ADC has system wide dependencies towards other key resources:
- runtime power management can be disabled, for example it may be forced on via power/control sysfs entry:
cd /sys/devices/platform/soc/48003000.adc/48003000.adc:adc@0 cat power/autosuspend_delay_ms 2000 cat power/control auto # kernel is allowed to automatically suspend the ADC device after autosuspend_delay_ms echo on > power/control # force the kernel to resume the ADC device (e.g. keep clocks and regulators enabled)
- clock[2] usage can be verified by reading clk_summary:
cat /sys/kernel/debug/clk/clk_summary | grep adc
adc12_k 1 1 0 24000000 0 0
adc12 1 1 0 196607910 0 0
- regulator[3] tree and usage can be verified (e.g. use count, open count or regulator reference voltage) as follows:
cat /sys/kernel/debug/regulator/regulator_summary
regulator use open bypass voltage current min max
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v3v3 4 5 0 3300mV 0mA 3300mV 3300mV
vdda 1 2 0 2900mV 0mA 2900mV 2900mV
40017000.dac 0mV 0mV
48003000.adc 0mV 0mV
- pinctrl[4] usage can be verified by reading pinmux-pins:
cd /sys/kernel/debug/pinctrl/soc\:pin-controller@50002000/ cat pinmux-pins | grep adc pin 92 (PF12): device 48003000.adc function analog group PF12 # check pin is assigned to ADC and is configured as "analog"
- interrupts can be verified by reading "interrupts":
cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0 CPU1
56: 2 0 dummy 0 Edge 48003000.adc:adc@0
6. Source code location[edit source]
The ADC source code is composed of:
- stm32-adc-core driver to handle common resources such as clock (selection, prescaler), regulator used as reference voltage, interrupt and common registers.
- stm32-adc driver to handle the resources available for each ADC such as channel configuration and buffer handling.
7. References[edit source]