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                 * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
                 * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
                 * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
                 * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
== Automatic WiFi configuration at start up ==
===networkctl===
Systemd has a specific service for the network named '''systemd-networkd''', this service comes with the tool '''networkctl''' which allows to show the status of each network interface.
{{Board$}} networkctl --no-pager
  IDX LINK            TYPE              OPERATIONAL SETUP   
  1 lo              loopback          carrier    unmanaged
  2 eth0            ether              routable    configured
  3 sit0            sit                no-carrier        unmanaged
  4 ip6tnl0          tunnel6            no-carrier        unmanaged
  5 wlan0            wlan              no-carrier        unmanaged
  6 wlan1            wlan              no-carrier        unmanaged
6 links listed.
We can see that the '''eth0''' interface is managed by networked via the information '''configured''' and the interface is used  ('''routable''').
===How to set a wireless configuration with networkd===
The goal is to configure an wlan network interface via systemd-networkd configuration. <br/>
All the network configurations are stored on '''/lib/systemd/network''' or '''/etc/systemd/network''' <br/>
Create the file dedicated to wireless interface "/lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network" :
{{Board$}} echo "[Match]" > /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "Name=wlan0" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "[Network]" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "DHCP=ipv4" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
Check content is as follow
{{Board$}} cat  /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
  [Match]
  Name=wlan0
  [Network]
  DHCP=ipv4
For attaching this wireless interface to a specific network, we need to have some information like SSID of network and password.<br/>
To see the list of wireless network available:
{{Board$}} ifconfig wlan0 up
{{Board$}} iw dev wlan0 scan |grep SSID
        SSID: NETWORK1
        SSID: NETWORK2
Associate the wireless network to wireless interface, here wlan0:
{{Board$}} mkdir -p /etc/wpa_supplicant/
          echo "ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant" > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "eapol_version=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "ap_scan=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "fast_reauth=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          wpa_passphrase SSID_OF_NETWORK PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
Where '''SSID_OF_NETWORK''' '''PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK''' correspond to the SSID and password of wireless network.<br/>
{{Info|the name of file on /etc/wpa_supplicant must contains the name of wireless interface: wpa_supplicant-'''wlan0'''.conf}}
<br/>
To enable and start the wireless configuration:
{{Board$}} systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service
          systemctl restart systemd-networkd.service
          systemctl restart wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service


== Wlan Network attachment (without system which manage systemd-networkd configuration) ==
== Wlan Network attachment (without system which manage systemd-networkd configuration) ==
 
{{Warning| dhclient is not available in the OpenSTLinux  because system.networkd already inbeds a dhcp client. On OSTL, it is recommended to follow the chapter #Automatic_WiFi_configuration_at_start_up}}
=== Configure your WiFi connection ===
=== Configure your WiFi connection ===
Configure WiFi connection by using '''wpa_supplicant''' tool
Configure WiFi connection by using '''wpa_supplicant''' tool
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* Note : Enter <CTRL+C> to terminate the ping session.
* Note : Enter <CTRL+C> to terminate the ping session.
== Automatic WiFi configuration at start up ==
===networkctl===
Systemd has a specific service for the network named '''systemd-networkd''', this service comes with the tool '''networkctl''' which allows to show the status of each network interface.
{{Board$}} networkctl --no-pager
  IDX LINK            TYPE              OPERATIONAL SETUP   
  1 lo              loopback          carrier    unmanaged
  2 eth0            ether              routable    configured
  3 sit0            sit                no-carrier        unmanaged
  4 ip6tnl0          tunnel6            no-carrier        unmanaged
  5 wlan0            wlan              no-carrier        unmanaged
  6 wlan1            wlan              no-carrier        unmanaged
6 links listed.
We can see that the '''eth0''' interface is managed by networked via the information '''configured''' and the interface is used  ('''routable''').
===How to set a wireless configuration with networkd===
The goal is to configure an wlan network interface via systemd-networkd configuration. <br/>
All the network configurations are stored on '''/lib/systemd/network''' or '''/etc/systemd/network''' <br/>
Create the file dedicated to wireless interface "/lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network" :
{{Board$}} echo "[Match]" > /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "Name=wlan0" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "[Network]" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
{{Board$}} echo "DHCP=ipv4" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
Check content is as follow
{{Board$}} cat  /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
  [Match]
  Name=wlan0
  [Network]
  DHCP=ipv4
For attaching this wireless interface to a specific network, we need to have some information like SSID of network and password.<br/>
To see the list of wireless network available:
{{Board$}} ifconfig wlan0 up
{{Board$}} iw dev wlan0 scan |grep SSID
        SSID: NETWORK1
        SSID: NETWORK2
Associate the wireless network to wireless interface, here wlan0:
{{Board$}} mkdir -p /etc/wpa_supplicant/
          echo "ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant" > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "eapol_version=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "ap_scan=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "fast_reauth=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          echo "" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
          wpa_passphrase SSID_OF_NETWORK PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
Where '''SSID_OF_NETWORK''' '''PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK''' correspond to the SSID and password of wireless network.<br/>
{{Info|the name of file on /etc/wpa_supplicant must contains the name of wireless interface: wpa_supplicant-'''wlan0'''.conf}}
<br/>
To enable and start the wireless configuration:
{{Board$}} systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service
          systemctl restart systemd-networkd.service
          systemctl restart wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service


<noinclude>
<noinclude>

Latest revision as of 18:23, 11 April 2023↑

Applicable for STM32MP13x lines, STM32MP15x lines

Even if the example is related to the RTL8723BU chip (this chip calls for a WiFi (minimally 802.11g/n) and Bluetooth 4.0 LE), most of the commands are generic ones and can be applied to any platform.

1. ifconfig[edit source]↑

Verify the wlan0 interface is present (that means drivers have been started and the WiFi firmware loaded):

1.1. Check WLAN interface[edit source]↑

 ifconfig -a
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
         LOOPBACK  MTU:65536  Metric:1
         RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 60:F1:89:3F:F6:0E  
         BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
         RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:10 (10.0 B)

1.2. Initialize WLAN interface[edit source]↑

 ifconfig wlan0  192.168.43.135  broadcast 192.168.43.255  netmask 255.255.255.0

 ifconfig wlan0 up

 ifconfig wlan0 
wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 60:F1:89:3F:F6:0E  
         inet addr:192.168.43.135  Bcast:192.168.43.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1                   /* UP indicate that your interface is UP */
         RX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
         RX bytes:1774 (1.7 KiB)  TX bytes:2326 (2.2 KiB)

2. iw[edit source]↑

The next phase is to scan for any wireless access points with the command:

2.1. Scan available SSID (AP)[edit source]↑

  • Get only SSID name
 iw dev wlan0 scan |grep SSID
       SSID: NETWORK1
       SSID: NETWORK2
  • List full SSID information
 iw dev wlan0 scan
BSS 00:23:5e:4a:28:f9(on wlan0)
       TSF: 0 usec (0d, 00:00:00)
       freq: 2412
       beacon interval: 100 TUs
       capability: ESS ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0421)
       signal: -72.00 dBm
       last seen: 0 ms ago
       SSID: NETWORK1
       Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 6.0 9.0 11.0* 12.0 18.0 
       DS Parameter set: channel 1
       TIM: DTIM Count 0 DTIM Period 1 Bitmap Control 0x0 Bitmap[0] 0x2
       Country: FR     Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
               Channels [1 - 13] @ 20 dBm
       BSS Load:
                * station count: 1
                * channel utilisation: 30/255
                * available admission capacity: 23437 [*32us]
       ERP: <no flags>
       Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 
       WMM:     * Parameter version 1
                * u-APSD
                * BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
                * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
                * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
                * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
BSS 00:23:5e:96:57:20(on wlan0)
       TSF: 0 usec (0d, 00:00:00)
       freq: 2412
       beacon interval: 100 TUs
       capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0431)
       signal: -66.00 dBm
       last seen: 0 ms ago
       SSID: NETWORK2
       Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 6.0 9.0 11.0* 12.0 18.0 
       DS Parameter set: channel 1
       Country: FR     Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
               Channels [1 - 13] @ 20 dBm
       BSS Load:
                * station count: 8
                * channel utilisation: 48/255
                * available admission capacity: 23437 [*32us]
       ERP: <no flags>
       RSN:     * Version: 1
                * Group cipher: CCMP
                * Pairwise ciphers: CCMP
                * Authentication suites: IEEE 802.1X 00-40-96:0
                * Capabilities: 4-PTKSA-RC 4-GTKSA-RC (0x0028)
       Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 
       WMM:     * Parameter version 1
                * u-APSD
                * BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
                * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
                * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
                * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec

3. Automatic WiFi configuration at start up[edit source]↑

3.1. networkctl[edit source]↑

Systemd has a specific service for the network named systemd-networkd, this service comes with the tool networkctl which allows to show the status of each network interface. 

 networkctl --no-pager
 IDX LINK             TYPE               OPERATIONAL SETUP     
 1 lo               loopback           carrier     unmanaged 
 2 eth0             ether              routable    configured
 3 sit0             sit                no-carrier         unmanaged 
 4 ip6tnl0          tunnel6            no-carrier         unmanaged 
 5 wlan0            wlan               no-carrier         unmanaged 
 6 wlan1            wlan               no-carrier         unmanaged

6 links listed.

We can see that the eth0 interface is managed by networked via the information configured and the interface is used (routable).

3.2. How to set a wireless configuration with networkd[edit source]↑

The goal is to configure an wlan network interface via systemd-networkd configuration.
All the network configurations are stored on /lib/systemd/network or /etc/systemd/network
Create the file dedicated to wireless interface "/lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network" : 

 echo "[Match]" > /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
 echo "Name=wlan0" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
 echo "[Network]" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
 echo "DHCP=ipv4" >> /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network

Check content is as follow 

 cat   /lib/systemd/network/51-wireless.network
 [Match]
 Name=wlan0
 [Network]
 DHCP=ipv4

For attaching this wireless interface to a specific network, we need to have some information like SSID of network and password.

To see the list of wireless network available: 

 ifconfig wlan0 up
 iw dev wlan0 scan |grep SSID
       SSID: NETWORK1
       SSID: NETWORK2

Associate the wireless network to wireless interface, here wlan0: 

 mkdir -p /etc/wpa_supplicant/
         echo "ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant" > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
         echo "eapol_version=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
         echo "ap_scan=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
         echo "fast_reauth=1" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
         echo "" >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
         wpa_passphrase SSID_OF_NETWORK PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf

Where SSID_OF_NETWORK PASSWORD_OF_NETWORK correspond to the SSID and password of wireless network.

Info white.png Information
the name of file on /etc/wpa_supplicant must contains the name of wireless interface: wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf


To enable and start the wireless configuration: 

 systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service
         systemctl restart systemd-networkd.service
         systemctl restart wpa_supplicant@wlan0.service

4. Wlan Network attachment (without system which manage systemd-networkd configuration)[edit source]↑

Warning white.png Warning
dhclient is not available in the OpenSTLinux because system.networkd already inbeds a dhcp client. On OSTL, it is recommended to follow the chapter #Automatic_WiFi_configuration_at_start_up

4.1. Configure your WiFi connection[edit source]↑

Configure WiFi connection by using wpa_supplicant tool

  • Check current configuration
 cat /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ctrl_interface_group=0
update_config=1
network={
   key_mgmt=NONE
}
  • Set the WiFi network name and password
 wpa_passphrase <your_ssid_name> <your_ssid_key> >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
  • Check new configuration
 cat /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ctrl_interface_group=0
update_config=1
network={
       ssid="your_ssid_name"
       psk="your_ssid_key"
}
Info white.png Information
If no WPA key replace psk=... with key_mgmt=NONE

4.1.1. Connect to SSID[edit source]↑

 wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant

4.1.2. link to SSID[edit source]↑

 iw wlan0 link
       SSID: NETWORK1
       freq: 2462
       RX: 501 bytes (3 packets)
       TX: 4056 bytes (22 packets)
       signal: -75 dBm
       tx bitrate: 12.0 MBit/s
       bss flags:      short-preamble short-slot-time
       dtim period:    1
       beacon int:     100

4.1.3. Assign IP address to WLAN interface[edit source]↑

Use the DHCP client to obtain an address (assuming wireless network (associated to) has a DHCP server): 

 dhclient wlan0

Use the ip command to verify the IP address assigned by the DHCP. The IP address is 192.168.43.135 from below. 

  ip addr show wlan0
 3: wlan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
   link/ether 74:e5:43:a1:ce:65 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   inet 192.168.43.135/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global wlan0
   inet6 fe80::76e5:43ff:fea1:ce65/64 scope link 
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.1.4. Check connectivity[edit source]↑

The most basic connectivity test is to use the “ping” command. In this example, the wireless router (associated to) has an IP address of 192.168.43.1: 

 ping 192.168.43.1
PING 192.168.43.1 (192.168.43.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.43.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.905 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.43.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=30.387 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.43.1: seq=2 ttl=64 time=20.462 ms
  • Note : Enter <CTRL+C> to terminate the ping session.


Receive

Transmit

uniprocessor

Dynamic host configuration pProtocol (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol for more details)

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