Last edited 3 years ago

Hardware random overview

This article gives information about the Linux® hardware random framework.

1. Article Purpose[edit source]

This article gives information about the hardware random (HWRNG) framework.

2. Framework purpose[edit source]

The Hardware random framework is integrated in the kernel. It provides access to RNG peripherals and focuses on supporting the hardware number generator.

3. System overview[edit source]

The HW random framework allows retrieving random numbers in userland.

Alternate text
Hw Random

3.1. Component description[edit source]

  • HW random core (Kernel space)

Generic interface in kernel space. This layer is in charge of creating the character device (char device) and sysfs to access hw_random.

  • RNG (Kernel space)

Hardware random Linux® drivers handling the HW blocks.

  • RNG (Hardware)

HW blocks handling the RNG peripheral.

3.2. API description[edit source]

The Hardware random framework uses char device API[1] ioctl operations. For additional information, refer to:

  • sysfs interface.
  • Kernel Documentation directory[2]

4. Configuration[edit source]

4.1. Kernel configuration[edit source]

The Hardware random support is activated by default in ST deliveries. No specific configuration is required apart from enabling or disabling peripheral support using Linux® Menuconfig tool. Refer to Menuconfig or how to configure kernel and select:

  [*] Device Drivers --->
    [*] Character devices --->
      [*] Hardware Random Number Generator Core support --->
        [*] STMicroelectronics STM32 random number generator

4.2. Device tree configuration[edit source]

DT configuration can be done thanks to the STM32CubeMX.

A detailed device tree configuration is described in RNG device tree configuration.

5. How to use the framework[edit source]

The framework provides external interfaces from userland : How to control RNG.

5.1. How to use from char device[edit source]

The community tool for using Hardware random framework is rng_tools[3] which provides a complete set of utilities related to random number generators:

  • rngd: runs a background daemon that opens /dev/hwrng file (default) to connect and retrieve random numbers.
  • rngtest: runs different tests that check the entropy and verify the compliance regarding FIPS 140-2 standard.

5.2. How to use from sysfs[edit source]

Available devices compatible with Hardware framework can be listed using sysfs commands:

  cat /sys/class/misc/hw_random/rng_available
 stm32-rng

The selected device is shown here:

  cat /sys/class/misc/hw_random/rng_current
 stm32-rng

To select a different device:

  echo "stm32-rng"> /sys/class/misc/hw_random/rng_current

6. How to trace and debug the framework[edit source]

Light information on the framework can be accessed by using sysfs.

By default, the framework does not provide any specific debug output or dynamic debugging tool.

7. Source code location[edit source]

Hardware random drivers and framework are available here[4].

8. To go further[edit source]

Code examples are directly available from rng-tools[3] github.

9. References[edit source]