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1. What is STM32CoreMW ?
ST offers a complete, proven, and reliable MCU software solution for developers. It covers low layers, middleware, and applicative sides, as well as configuration, programming, monitoring and debugging tools.
The basic Middleware stacks that are commonly needed for applications are: RTOS, File System, USB, TCP/IP, Bootloader, JPEG and TLS. ST offers a comprehensive set of stacks and applications covering these topics. This set of Middleware stacks is called STM32 Core Middleware (STM32CoreMW for short).
STM32CoreMW solution is constructed around Microsoft Azure RTOS Middleware and other in-house (ST USB, OpenBL) and open source stacks (FreeRTOS, FatFS, LwIP, embTLS, LibJPEG). All integrated and customized for STM32 MCU devices and enriched with corresponding application examples based on STM32 evaluation boards.
2. STM32 Azure RTOS
Azure RTOS is a professional grade, highly reliable and market proven Middleware suite:
- Integrated and full featured RTOS. Learn more about ThreadX.
- Industrial grade networking stack: optimized for performance coming with many IoT protocols. Learn more about NetXDuo.
- Advanced FS/FTL: fully featured to support NAND/NOR Flash memories. Learn more about FileX and LevelX
- USB Host and Device stacks coming with many classes. Learn more about USBX.
- Safety pre-certifications (from MSFT): IEC 61508 SIL4, IEC 62304 Class C and ISO 26262 ASIL D
- Security pre-certifications (from MSFT): EAL4+ for TLS/DTLS, FIPS 140-2 for SW crypto lib
- STM32 granted production license
In order to implement FileX, LevelX, NetXDuo or USBX, an integrated RTOS is required (ThreadX). A “bare-metal” implementation is planned for USBX and FileX (ie. it will be possible to use USBX and FileX without need for ThreadX)
Azure RTOS MW stacks are also interdependent. In fact, some USBX Host classes are using the FileX API, while other USBX device classes require the NetXDuo API. LevelX is used by FileX to support file system on NAND and NOR memories.
2.1. Azure RTOS Integration
ST offers integrated and ready to use environment to allow effortless implementation of user projects based on Azure RTOS and other CoreMW stacks.
- Ability to use Azure RTOS and other CoreMW stacks with a level of configurability directly from STM32CubeMX
- Addition of multiple application examples for standard ST evaluation boards: STM32Nucleo, Discovery Kits and Eval boards.
- Addition of material helping with migration efforts
- Addition of training material and documentation
The Azure RTOS API are HW agnostic, they run seamlessly on all supported HW and IPs. Each MW has its own low-level driver to support a specific HW IPs. These drivers are implemented using the HAL/BSP drivers to ensure portability among different STM32 MCU and boards.
As all STM32Cube Expansion software package enhanced for STM32 Toolset, BSP configuration in STM32CubeMX is not supported for STM32 Azure RTOS Expansion packages.
2.2. Where to get Azure RTOS ?
2.2.1. www.st.com
Packages are available in www.st.com using a simple search query. Each package is self-contained and include Azure RTOS Middleware, STM32CubeMX project files and ready to use examples.
2.2.2. STM32CubeMX
Azure RTOS is delivered as a STM32CubeMX and STM32CubeIDE pack, to allow users benefit from STM32CubeMX native features alongside the Azure RTOS applications.
- There is one pack per STM32 Series (STMicroelectronics.X-CUBE-AZRTOS-NN.X.Y.Z.pack)
- Each pack contains all the supported MW stacks and all required resources (HAL, BSP, Utilities, ...)
- All packs are compliant with STM32Cube and STM32Cube Expansion rules
- The MW stacks are described as CMSIS pack components to facilitate their usage and to manage interdependencies between them.
- The Middlewares are configurable through STM32CubeMX interface and code can be generated.
- Each pack provides a set of full functional applications described by PDSC file
Once the package is installed in STM32CubeMX/STM32CubeIDE, it can typically be found on this location: "C:\Users\"UserName"\STM32Cube\Repository\Packs\STMicroelectronics\X-CUBE-AZRTOS-XX"
An STM32Cube Expansion Package for a specific Series is not visible or usable on other series. The STM32Cube Expansion package has its own version, that is not correlated with Azure RTOS MW versions. Two different STM32Cube Expansion Azure RTOS packages, for different series, may contain different Azure RTOS MW versions.
2.2.3. GitHub
ST GitHub repository contains all Azure RTOS packages separately and/or inside STM32Cube packages. (ie. X-CUBE-AZRTOS-H7 ) Github host the source code of the different Azure RTOS MW stacks as well as all required drivers, utilities, and projects so that user can download different components and construct his own package. The Git repository is based on the git submodules features fully supported by GitHub. The git repository consists of the following repos:
- STM32CubeExpansion_AZRTOS_NN: the central repo referencing all the sub-repos
- MW_AZRTOS_<MW_NAME>: Each Azure RTOS MW repo has its own git repo that tracks the reference repo from Microsoft and adds specific STM32 source codes (template files, drivers…). For example. MW_AZRTOS_ThreadX
- Projects_azrtos_NN: Each STM32 series has a dedicated “projects” repo that contains the applications for the supported boards using Azure RTOS MW.
- CMSIS-Core, HAL, BSP, Utilities: these are the reference repos from the STM32Cube official releases
The Git repository structure is aligned with STM32CubeExpansion package structure.
NOTE: When using the GitHub repository, it is not possible configure Azure RTOS Middleware in STM32CubeMX or to regenerate the code as it is possible to do when getting the package directly from STM32CubeMX/STM32CubeIDE or from www.st.com.
2.3. How to use Azure RTOS package
A training video is available on www.st.com that shows in details how to setup and use the Azure RTOS STM32Cube packages. Link
2.4. Azure RTOS Applications
Multiple functional applications are provided in STM32Cube package for Azure RTOS stacks. Please visit the page dedicated for each Azure RTOS stack for more details about available applications.
2.5. Azure RTOS License
| Component | License | Copyright |
|---|---|---|
| CMSIS | Apache License 2.0 | Copyright (c) 2009-2017 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. |
| CMSIS Device | Apache License 2.0 | ARM Limited - STMicroelectronics |
| STM32H7 HAL | BSD-3-Clause | STMicroelectronics |
| BSP STM32H7xx_Nucleo | BSD-3-Clause | STMicroelectronics |
| BSP STM32H735G-DK | BSD-3-Clause | STMicroelectronics |
| BSP Components | BSD-3-Clause | STMicroelectronics |
| Application Projects | ST SLA0044 | STMicroelectronics |
| STM32 Utilities | BSD-3-Clause | STMicroelectronics |
| Azure RTOS ThreadX | Microsoft Software License for Azure RTOS | Microsoft |
| Azure RTOS NetXDuo | Microsoft Software License for Azure RTOS | Microsoft |
| Azure RTOS FileX | Microsoft Software License for Azure RTOS | Microsoft |
| Azure RTOS LevelX | Microsoft Software License for Azure RTOS | Microsoft |
| Azure RTOS USBX | Microsoft Software License for Azure RTOS | Microsoft |
3. STM32 Legacy CoreMW
Along with the Azure RTOS Middleware solution, STM32 support other CoreMW stacks based on ST development:
- ST USB Device Library
- ST USB Host Library
- ST OpenBL
and Third Parties open source development:
- FreeRTOS
- FatFS
- LwIP
- LibJPEG
- OpenAMP
- embTLS
These stacks are provided in the STM32Cube packages (except when delivered natively with Azure RTOS Middleware) and in ST GitHub repository. For each stack, multiple combinations of examples and demos are provided in order to help building your own application. Besides, USB, FreeRTOS, FatFS and LwIP stacks are supported by STM32CubeMX code generation and customization.
For each leagacy Middleware , please refer to the relative ST Wiki page to get more information.
3.1. License
| Component | License | Copyright |
|---|---|---|
| ST USB Device | SLA0044 | STMicroelectronics |
| ST USB Host | SLA0044 | STMicroelectronics |
| OpenBL | SLA0044 | STMicroelectronics |
| FreeRTOS | MIT | FreeRTOS - STMicroelectronics |
| FatFS | BSD-3-Clause | FatFS - STMicroelectronics |
| LwIP | BSD-3-Clause | Savannah - STMicroelectronics |
| LibJPEG | Independent JPEG Group License | Independent JPEG Group - STMicroelectronics |
| mbedTLS | Apache License 2.0 | ARM Limited - STMicroelectronics |
| OpenAMP | BSD-3-Clause | OpenAMP - STMicroelectronics |
4. FAQ
- Q: What are the STM32 Series covered by Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: All new Series that are released in 2021 and later are covered by default by Azure RTOS Middleware in the STM32Cube packages. Other STM32 Series (H7, F4, F7, G4, L4, G4, G0, WB and WL) are covered through Expansion Packages. Older STM32 Series will not be updated with Azure RTOS support.
- Q: Will I be able to use Azure RTOS for my commercial applications for free?
- A:Yes, in compliance with the corresponding license terms.
- Q: Will I be able to make modifications to Azure RTOS to tailor my STM32 application to my needs or fix bugs myself?
- A: Yes, in compliance with the corresponding license terms.
- Q: Is there any difference between getting the Azure RTOS from www.st.com, from STM32CubeMX/STM32CubeIDE or from GitHub ?
- A: The only difference is that packages on GitHub do not contain STM32CubeMX projects so it is not be possible to configure Azure RTOS Middleware components and it is not possible to regenerate the code using STM32CubeMX.
- Q: What will happen to the current STM32Cube middleware offer, such as FreeRTOS or ST USB library?
- A: For currently public STM32 series and Series to be introduced in 2020, there will be no change on current STM32Cube middleware offer. Azure RTOS middleware will be made available as an additional option.
For new STM32 series starting from 2021, Azure RTOS middleware components will be preferred middleware components. Legacy middleware will be exposed through GitHub only for community handling
- Q: Is Azure RTOS usable with STM32CubeMX configuration and generation tool?
- A: Yes, once the Azure RTOS package(s) are picked by the user, the middleware will be available under STM32CubeMX, with some basic possibilities of configuration.
- Q: I am using current STM32Cube middleware (non Azure RTOS), what is the impact for me?
- A: None for currently public STM32 series and Series to be introduced in 2020.
- A: For new coming STM32 series starting from 2021, you will have to migrate to the usage of Azure RTOS middleware, or consider community job being done on older middleware
- Q: I would like to migrate my application to Azure RTOS from the current STM32Cube middleware offer. How to do it in the easiest way?
- A: Azure RTOS middleware and current STM32Cube middleware differ by their respective features, performance and footprint figures.
Migration effort will depend on the middleware you were using:
- FreeRTOS: migration will be made easy via a FreeRTOS API layer built on top of ThreadX, and provided by Microsoft
- NetXDuo: migration will be easier if you used Socket API, both available on the two stacks
- USBX and FileX: switch to new APIs will have to be implemented
ST will provide some documentation highlighting differences and features comparison with possible correspondence between current middleware and Azure RTOS
- Q: Is ST or Microsoft be legally liable for the Azure RTOS code distributed in STM32Cube?
- A: Same as for current STM32Cube offer, software is provided as-is
- Q: What is the technical support scheme of Azure RTOS for ST customers?
- A: ST ensure first level of support on Azure RTOS middleware components, as provided within STM32Cube software packages. Customers may also enter licensing arrangements directly with Microsoft, including, but not limited to, certifications and standards (e.g., SIL 4, IEC 61508) and dedicated support.
- Q: For my STM32-based IoT application, am I forced to use Azure Cloud services, or could I still connect to AWS or Aliyun?
- A: There is no such enforcement, and an STM32 customer remains completely free to choose his favorite cloud provider.
- Q: Is CMSIS-RTOS wrapper supported by ThreadX ?
- A: Yes, CMSIS-RTOS V2 wrapper is supported and allows easier applications migration to ThreadX from other RTOS. Please note that CMSIS-RTOS V2 is the default option in STM32CubeMX.
- Q: How many STM32 Azure RTOS applications are using CMSIS-RTOS V2 wrapper ?
- A: One ThreadX application is provided with CMSIS-RTOS V2 layer to show how to use it.
- Q: What are other options available to migrate from FreeRTOS ?
- A: There is one option of using CMSIS-RTOS V2 layer and one other option of using Azure RTOS FreeRTOS wrapper layer provided by Microsoft.
- Q: Will existing STM32 Expansion packages be migrated to use Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: Some packages will be migrated to Azure RTOS Middleware. New packages developed during second half of 2021 will be based only on Azure RTOS Middleware.
- Q: When I download/use the STM32 Azure RTOS package provided on GitHub, does it contain the STM32CubeMX generation projects ?
- A: No, STM32CubeMX generation projects are available only when package is downloaded from www.st.com or on STM32CubeMX interface.
- Q: Which boards are supported by the Azure RTOS package provided by ST ?
- A: Specific boards are supported for each application (typically one Nucleo or one Discovery board supported for each application) due to project configuration constraints. In order to support custom boards, modifications have to be done on the project source files.
- Q: Does STM32CubeMX allow configuration of threads in ThreadX ?
- A: No, it is not possible to do so. Threads configuration shall be done manually after generation of the project.
- Q: Is TraceX supported ?
- A: TraceX is not included in the STM32 Azure RTOS package. But users can download it from Microsoft GitHub repository and integrate it in their projects.
- Q: Is GUIX supported ?
- A: GUIX is not included in the STM32 Azure RTOS package. But users can download it from Microsoft GitHub repository and integrate it in their projects.
- Q: Is USB-PD supported in Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: USB-PD is supported by ST USBPD library and applications provided in each STM32Cube package and in different Cube Expansion packages. But it is not yet integrated with STM32 Azure RTOS Middleware solution.
- Q: I want to use USB or File System but I don't want to use an RTOS, what can I do with Azure RTOS solution ?
- A: USBX and FileX will soon support "bare metal" option allowing to run them without the need for ThreadX. This feature will be integrated in STM32 packages as soon as it is available.
- Q: I have a question or support request relative to Legacy CoreMW stacks (ST USB Device, ST USB Host, FreeRTOS, FatFS, LwIP), what can I do ? Will fixes be released on STM32Cube ?
- A: Support of Legacy CoreMW continues through the standard channels. But no updates will be done on STM32Cube package or STM32CubeMX. Only GitHub repositories will continue to be updated for major fixes when needed or to support new STM32 Series released in 2021 and 2022.
- Q: Where can I find list of known limitations relative to Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: Detailed list of known limitations is available in the release notes of each package.
- Q: How can I find online trainings to help me use Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: ST provides online training sessions and videos, please visit www.st.com for more details.
- Q: Where can I find performance and footprint information relative to Azure RTOS Middleware ?
- A: Performance and footprint data are published on this wiki page periodically. If you don't find it here, it is in the process of being published soon.